Afghanistan dropped to No. 9 in this year’s ranking, as the organization says the Taliban has shifted its focus from searching out Christians to searching out those with links to the country’s former government.
Wybo Nicolai, a former Open Doors global field director who first created the World Watch List, said that since 2010, the number of countries on the World Watch List reporting “high” levels of persecution has increased, nearly doubling since the first list was compiled in 1993. So has the intensity of that persecution.
The “extreme high levels” of 2022 — when more than 360 million Christians around the world reported at least high levels of discrimination and persecution — have roughly remained the same, Nicolai said.
Nicolai joined Open Doors in 1985 as a researcher for the Soviet Union. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nicolai said, the organization began to look beyond Eastern Europe, where it had been founded by “Brother Andrew” van der Bijl in 1955.
Nicolai was tasked with mapping the world, finding where Christians were being persecuted and where Open Doors should be active. As he began collecting data in 1991, he developed a method to measure Christian persecution “as objectively, maybe even as scientifically as possible,” he said.
The World Watch List was born.
The list scores the levels of pressure Christians and church communities suffer in private life, family life, community life and national life, along with violence levels.
At first, Nicolai’s list was used internally to inform Open Doors’ work, he said, as Open Doors became a global organization, opening field offices in Nigeria, Bangladesh, Indonesia, countries in East Asia and beyond.
Today, more than 4,000 people, including teams of researchers and lawyers, contribute data to the list, and academics and politicians interested in religious freedom have come to rely on it, as have Christians who are motivated to pray and support their co-religionists facing persecution around the world.
“It’s been a tremendous tool and very much welcomed, generally, by governments in the countries where we are mobilizing prayer support and advocacy because of that recognition that there’s an in-depth, deep dive, underground church, village-level picture and lens of what is happening in countries,” said Lisa Pierce, interim CEO of Open Doors U.S.
The list of 10 countries where Open Doors reports Christians currently face the most persecution has changed little since 2022.
On this year’s list, North Korea is followed by Somalia, Yemen, Eritrea, Libya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Sudan. Sudan, at No. 13 last year, is new to the Top 10.
The organization also noted a troubling trend: an “alarming” increase in violence against Christians by Islamic extremists in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, the number of religiously motivated killings jumped from 4,650 last year to 5,014 in 2022 — making up 89% of all religiously motivated killings worldwide.
“What we noticed is not just an increase of persecution, but also an increase in the size and the strength of the body of Christ. Yes, a lot of atrocities, a lot of drama; at the same time, a lot of church growth, as well,” Nicolai said.
