Home Outreach Leaders Articles for Outreach & Missions A Brief History of Spiritual Revival and Awakening in America

A Brief History of Spiritual Revival and Awakening in America


Endnote References

1 Jonathan Edwards, “A Narrative of Surprising Conversions,” Jonathan Edwards on Revival, Carlisle: The Banner of Truth Trust, first published in 1736, p. 2.

2 Keith J. Hardman, Charles Grandison Finney 1792-1875, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1987, p. 9.

3 Edwards, p. 12.

4 Frank Grenville Beardsley. A History of American Revivals. New York: American Tract Society, 1912, pps. 25-27.

5 Beardsley, pps. 28-31.

6 Beardsley, pps. 36-40.

7 Class Notes, Reformed Theological Seminary, Church History, June, 1998.

8 Harry S. Stout, The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism, Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1991, p. xiv.

9 Beardsley, p. 211, and U.S. Census data.

10 Peter Marshall and David Manuel, From Sea to Shining Sea, Old Tappan: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1986, pps. 60-66.

11 Hardman, pps. 6-7.

12 Beardsley, p. 104.

13 Beardsley, pps. 142, 150, 161.

14 Beardsley, p. 211, and U.S. Census data.

15 J. Edwin Orr, The Event of the Century, Wheaton: International Awakening Press, 1989, pps. 52-56.

16 Orr, pps. 320-321.

17 Keith J. Hardman, Seasons of Refreshing: Evangelism and Revivals in America, Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 1994, p. 184-191.

18 Beardsley, p. 249.

19 Hardman, Seasons, pps. 197-198.

20 Beardsley, p. 287.

21 William g. McLoughlin, Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, p. 141-142.

22 Hardman, Seasons, p. 242.

23 Hardman, Seasons, pps. 238-242.

24 Richard M. Riss, A Survey of 20th Century Revival Movements in North America, Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1988, p. 3.

25 Riss, pps. 44-45.

26 Hardman, Seasons, p. 236.

27 George Waugh, Flashpoints of Revival, North Charleston: BookSurge Publishing, 2009, p. 41.

28 Riss, pps. 46-47.

29 Hardman, Seasons, p. 243.

30 Hardman, Seasons, pps. 242-254.

31 Riss, pps. 1, 106-142.

32 Hardman, Seasons, p. 264.

33 Riss, p. 133-141.

34 Riss, pps. 147, 155-162.

35 Riss, pps. 147-149.

36 Riss, p. 153.

37 Waugh, pps. 111-113, 124-137.

38 Waugh, pps. 134-135.

39 http://www.promisekeepers.org/about/pkhistory, retrieved January 9, 2010.

40 Riss, p. 5.

41 Beardsley, p. 342.

42 Beardsley, pps. 345-346.

43 Beardsley, p. 343.

44 Edwards, “An Account of Revival,” p. 148.

45 Waugh, p. 31.

46 Beardsley, p. 333.

47 Hardman, Finney, pps. 198, 249.

48 Riss, pps. 6-7.

49 Beardsley, p. 53.

50 Riss, p. 42.

51 Stanley Presser and Mark Chaves, “Is Religious Attendance Declining?” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (2007), 46(3), pps. 417-423.

52 John C. LaRue, Jr., “Three Church Myths,” Leadership, Wednesday, February 21, 2001, retrieved from ChristianityToday.com.

53 Barna.org, “Barna Survey Examines Changes in Worldview Among Christians over the Past 13 years,” March 6, 2009, retrieved from barna.org